(i) Column Matrix : A matrix is said to be a column matrix or column vector if it has only one column. The order of column matrix is (m)x(1){m=rows and 1= column}
eg .

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(ii) Row Matrix : A matrix is said to be a row matrix or row vector if it has only one row. The order of row matrix is (1)x(m){1=row and m=columns}
eg .

(iii) Square Matrix :A matrix in which the number of rows are equal to number of column is said to be a square matrix. Thus an (m)x(n) matrix is said to be a square matrix if m = n and is known as a square matrix of order n.
eg .

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(iv) Diagonal Matrix :A square matrix is said to be a diagonal matrix if all its non diagonal elements are zero.
eg .

(v) Scalar Matrix : A diagonal matrix is said to be a scalar matrix if its diagonal elements are equal,
eg .

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(vi) Identity Matrix :A square matrix in which elements in the diagonal are all 1 and rest are all zero.
We denote the identity matrix of order n by I_n.
eg .

(vii) Zero Matrix or Null Matrix :A matrix is said to be zero matrix or null matrix if all elements are zero . We denote zero matrix by 0.
eg .

(viii) Rectangular Matrix :If the shape of matrix rectangular, then it is called as rectangular matrix .
eg .

(ix) Upper Triangular Matrix :A matrix is known as upper triangular matrix if all the elements below the leading diagonal or principal diagonal are zero.
eg .

(x) Lower Trangular Matrix :A matrix is known as lower triangular matrix if all the elements above the leading diagonal or principal diagonal are zero.
eg .

(xi) Sub Matrix :The matrix obtained by deleting one or more rows or columns or both of a matrix is called its sub matrix.
eg .
The sub matrix is obtained by deleting 3^rd row and I^st column.

(xii) Equal Matrices :Two matrices A = [a_ij] and B = [b_ij]are said to be equal it they full fill two conditions.
(a) The order of both the matrices is same.
(b) Corresponding elements in both the matrices are equal , that is a_ij = b_ij for all i and j symbolically, if two matrices A and B are equal , we write A = B
eg . (i)
(ii)